Hip Hop And The Music Genre - 927 Words

What is Hip-Hop? According to Encyclopedia Britannica, Hip-Hop can be delineated as a music genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.1 Originating from a disparaged subculture in the South Bronx and eagerly spreading through other sectors of New York City during the 1970’s, Hip-Hop evolved from formerly being a relatively fraudulent style to currently being a commercialized and disseminated music genre among diverse areas around the globe. Hip-hop s evolution into a composition distinct from RB ensued around the time that drum-machines and sampling technology became widely available to the general public at a financially affordable cost for the average consumer. Turntablist techniques (i.e. scratching, beat mixing, matching, and beat juggling) ultimately developed along with the breaks, producing a base that could be rapped over, in a manner similar to signifying, as well as percussive breaks (an influence found in Jamaican dub music). The art of manipulating sound and creating illustrious music were few of the techniques that identified the aeon of the hip-hop genre: Three of whom will be presented - The Diamond Era (1983 – 1988), The Golden Era (1989 – 1993), and The Silver Age (1994 – 1998). To commence, the first era (The Diamond Era) arose in the year 1983. Although Hip-Hop emerged before 1983, The Diamond era predates the introduction of a new foundation to the hip-hop genre withShow MoreRelatedHip Hop Is A Genre Of Music1192 Words   |  5 PagesMusic has always been one of the ways that people use to express the connection between their feelings and the outside world with melody, rhythm and sound. There are different genres and many kinds of music from different places and different nationality. Hip hop is a cultural movement that emerged in the 1970s in the United States among Latin Americans, Jamaicans and African American that aimed to protest the social conflicts and violence suffered by the lower classes of urban society. Hip HopRead MoreHip Hop : A Genre Of Music1431 Words   |  6 PagesHip hop is widely know as a genre of music that started in a New York City borough called the Bronx in the late 1970s, but it is more than just the music. Hip hop is a cult ure that consists of being a disc jockey which is also known as deejaying or turntabling, MCing or rhyming â€Å"rapping†, graffiti, fashion, and breakdancing. Hip hop was mostly an underground culture only know to the people living in the Bronx. Hip hop is a relatively new culture which fascinates most people because it of its somewhatRead MoreHip Hop, A Popular Genre Of Music2482 Words   |  10 PagesHip-Hop is a subcultural movement that formed in the early 1970s by African-American, Caribbean and Latino youths. It wasn’t until the late 1980s that it became popular outside of the African-American community and by the 2000s it became the most popular genre of music. However, the subculture has evolved through out the years and the comparison between then and now is growing increasingly big. Hip-Hop in the 80s consisted of music, dance, creativity and artistry. It also allowed people an avenueRead MoreHip Hop Is Widely Known As A Genre Of Music That Started2027 Words   |  9 PagesHip hop is widely known as a genre of music that started in a New York City borough called the Bronx in the late 1970s, but it is more than just the music. Hip hop is a culture that consists of being a disc jockey which is also known as deejaying or turntabling, breakdancing, MCing or rhyming â€Å"rapping†, graffiti, and fashion. Each of these items are key elements in creating hip hop and these key items are part of the hip hop culture. Deejaying was an important factor contributing to hip hop cultureRead MoreHip Hop : A Cultural Movement And Popular Genre Of Music Essay1920 Words   |  8 Pagesthat there s some kind of unity in hip-hop. We all found something that s really important to us, and music is all we ve really got† – Missy Elliot. Hip-Hop is a cultural moveme nt and popular genre of music that emerged during the early 1970 s by working class Black youths in New York City. The cultural movement has rapidly expanded across different countries and ethnicities over the years, becoming one of the few markers that define a generation. Hip-Hop can be seen as â€Å"the fundamental matrixRead MoreRap Or Hip Hop Is More Than Just Another Music Genre940 Words   |  4 PagesRap or Hip Hop is more than just another music genre, it is a movement full of more aspects than one could imagine. The film â€Å"The Art of Rap† directed, produced, and hosted by Ice-T, exemplifies the different aspects and explains the importance of Hip Hop while taking a journey interviewing many legendary MC’s, giving the viewer an inside perspective of this music and the art of MC’ing. This film also heavily resonates with the book Rap Music and Street Consciousness. Ice-T interviews many influentialRead MoreHip Hop Culture And Culture1196 Words   |  5 PagesHip-Hop Culture and race have had a complicated relationship in the past two decades. It has been commonly referred to as â€Å"black music† and a reflection of black culture. However, recent studies done by the Mediamark Research Inc. showed that 60% of rap music buyers are white. With the emergence of white, Latino, Asian, and other rappers with diverse backgrounds on the Hip Hop scene it is important recognize the changing color of the genre and the stereotype it holds as â€Å"black music†. Black cultureRead MoreSimilarities Between Hip Hop And Grime1407 Words   |  6 Pages Musical genre is defined as a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style or subject matter ( the music genre list 2017 ). Today’s music comes in all styles and forms, this makes it difficult to categorize those new and emerging genres. Hip Hop and Grime both have a culture and are both a rap style genre, that shareRead MoreHip Hop Rap Music And Subculture1643 Words   |  7 Pages Hip-hop Rap Music and Subculture The topic I have chosen for this review is the association between a particular music genre and a subculture. In particular, the issue of focus is the association of the hip-hop rap genre with the black youth subculture in America. As a youth subculture, hip-hop emerged in the 1970s from New York City’s borough of the Bronx. The African American community was the root of the music genre, which gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. As part of its growthRead MoreThe Music Of Hip Hop Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the ages, genres such as Rock and Roll, Pop, RB, and Funk ruled the music spectrum. Before the flow of an emcee rocked the crowd with his/her rhythmic flow, a significant day in music history would soon influence the music industry, cultures, fashion, and make this new genre into a global phenomenon. This significant day was marked on August 13, 1973, or also known as the birthday of Hip-Hop. While Hip-Hop can be commonly be associated with being an emcee/rapper, the art of emceeing

Song of Lawino - 1437 Words

Song of Lawino: Cultural Duality and Universality Song of Lawino by Okot p’Bitek centers on the main narrator Lawino’s plea towards her husband, Ocol, who shuns his old Acholi background for Westernization. Lawino implores Ocol not to abandon his heritage but rather accept both Acholi and Western cultures; as noted, cultural duality serves as the prime theme in Song of Lawino. Through the character of Lawino, p’Bitek conveys his message that Acholi and Western cultures could be fused in the era of Westernization. In making his point, p’Bitek employs techniques, namely the language, diction, syntax structures, imagery, and figures of speech, to ensure that Song of Lawino supports both Acholi and Western characteristics. Furthermore, the†¦show more content†¦For example, p’Bitek applies positive imagery when he portrays an Acholi woman in the arena, ready to dance: â€Å"The tattoos on her chest / Are like palm fruits, / The tattoos on her b ack / Are like stars on a black night; / Her eyes sparkle like the fireflies / Her breasts are ripe / Like the full moon.† (442 – 448). Immediately, the reader notices words and phrases, such as â€Å"palm fruits,† â€Å"stars on a black night,† â€Å"fireflies,† and â€Å"full moon,† which all relate to the natural world. In contrast, p’Bitek presents indecent imagery to delineate the environment â€Å"dances of the white people† take place in: â€Å"Some dungs are red like ochre / Others are yellow / Like the ripe mango, / Like inside a ripe pawpaw. / Others are black like soil, / Like the soil we use / For smearing the floor. / Some dungs are of mixed colours! / Vomit and urine flow by† (600 – 608). From this section, phrases like â€Å"ripe mango,† and â€Å"ripe pawpaw† also pertain to the nature. However, the depiction of the Acholi dancer emits an aura of fruitfulness and serenity, whereas the Western dances are rather filthy. This brings up an interesting aspect, as p’Bitek works with metaphors and similes associated with the nature in both cases, yet the two instances yield dramatically different effects. The enticing figures of speech indeed bring the two scenes in the spotlight; however, as opposed to supporting bothShow MoreRelatedSong of Lawino1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe son of lawino Literary analysis In the poem Song of Lawino racism reared its ugly head in a rather ridiculous form, some people might argue that any form of racism is ridiculous, which is very understandable, but in this particular situation in my opinion it is worst than the segregation in America throughout the early part of the century 20th century. It’s called self hatred, self hatred is a very uncommon form of racism and it can appear in any ethnic group but its black self hatred thatRead MoreA study on Okot pBiteks works Song of Lawino and Song of Ocol2281 Words   |  10 PagesSong of Lawino and Song of Ocol ï ¿ ½ PAGE * MERGEFORMAT ï ¿ ½1ï ¿ ½ Okot pBitek worked as anthropologist, poet, novelist an even footballer which led him to go and being educated in England on law and anthropology and later literature. He differed himself from other African writers who wrote in western styles and in western point of view. He has chosen an African tool to express himself, a tool associated with oral tradition of Africa. He called it song. He published his works in Acoli language howeverRead MoreTypical Ib A1 Hl English Exam Question2270 Words   |  10 Pagesused for the opposite effect of giving the poem a personal and intimate appeal. Although this does not necessarily mean that the poem does not have universal applications. This method of narration is used in the epic poem Song of Lawino by Okot p’Bitek. The persona Lawino is a prominent female member of the African Acoli tribe. p’Bitek uses her character as a spokeswoman and advocate of traditional African customs. Lawino’s character dislikes her husband’s behaviour as well as the other African’sRead MoreRole of African Elites in Dismantling Decolonization5146 Words   |  21 Pagescinema. (Beti: 1964:65) Colonial education taught Medza everything that is irrelevant to his African life. In Charles Mungoshi s Waiting for the Rain, Lucifer similarly feels alienated from his homeland because of his colonial education. In Song of Lawino and Song of Ocol, Okot P Bitek laments a situation in which colonial education emasculates the emerging African elite: my husband s house is a dark forest of books . . . /Their manhood was finished in the classrooms, their testicles were smashed

Emancipation from Segregation free essay sample

Emancipation from Segregation By Don Moore (2010) The physical chains of slavery were broken by the Emancipation Proclamation passed by President Lincoln in the 1860s. Ten years later the African American people faced a second form of slavery. In the South, right after the Civil War, in the 1870s, anti-African American laws were passed which were called the Jim Crow laws. According to David Pilgrim, Professor of Sociology, the Jim Crow laws mandated that African Americans were not to go to white movie theaters, white restaurants, white bars, and white public restrooms. African Americans were also not allowed to ride in trains, cars, or buses with whites. Blacks were not allowed to marry whites. Even mulattos were treated with the same indignity as blacks. The tyrant of segregation is rooted in the Jim Crow laws. In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was constitutional as long as there were separate but equal places to live for both whites and blacks. A gentleman named Homer Plessey was caught riding on a train for whites only. Homer Plessey took his case to the Supreme Court and lost. In 1896, the Supreme Court made its decision to legitimize both the Jim Crow laws and the Jim Crow lifestyle (Pilgrim). For many years the African American had to be reminded of segregation by reading the â€Å"Colored Only† signs on public restrooms. Also the public drinking fountains had the signs â€Å"Colored Only† above them. The African American students had to attend schools for blacks only. Black students could never attend white schools. The black students had to be bused in separate buses for blacks while the white students rode on buses for whites (Pilgrim).The second form of slavery was segregation or alienating African Americans from white society. Segregation forced many African American families into states of poverty and oppression. The period from the 1870s until the mid 1960s was a period of despair for the African American people. The heavy burden of segregation forced the heart of the African American to cry out a freedom dream. The cries of frustration were communicated very well in both the music and the literature of pre Civil Rights Movement times.Many African American families had to go through a â€Å"battle royal† of emotional turmoil, spiritual growth, physical pain, poverty, and poor living conditions. The heavy burden of slavery dictated by the segregationists had to be lifted. Then a need for a revolution to abolish the slavery of segregation became top priority. The need for civil disobedience against segregation became a reality. According to an article in â€Å"A Dictionary of Contemporary History†, the 1954 case of Brown versus the Topeka Board of Education was the start of dissolving segregation in public schools.The Supreme Court overturned the 1896 Plessey case ruling and then mandated that segregation in public school violated the U. S. Constitution. The African American voice became the protagonist in mid 20th century black history. The voice of the Civil Rights Movement cried loud like a new fog horn of the new lighthouse of hope. Their antagonist white voice roared loud like a lion desiring to consume the prey of integration. Blacks wanted integration while the whites wanted segregation. Blacks wanted integration while the whites wanted segregation.The Civil Rights Movement Revolution was sparked by one woman named Rosa Parks who refused to sit at the back of a bus. The message behind the Civil Rights Movement is that blacks desire to be treated equally with whites. Blacks shall not be treated as second class citizens. Blacks deserve the same inalienable rights as whites. The Civil Rights Movement began its infancy in 1955. The Civil Rights Movement infant grew stronger rapidly. In the late 1950s, the Civil Rights Movement grew up to be a strong proud man like a weight lifter.America was faced with one of the most important issues of all time, the Civil Rights Movement decade. In the essay â€Å"Civil Rights Movement† by Duncan Townson, it states: â€Å"The struggle of massive, non-violent civil disobedience campaigns was pioneered by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , who led the successful Montgomery bus boycott in Alabama in 1955-6. This was followed in 1960 by sit-ins, which were started by black students at Greensboro, North Carolina who were refused service at a whites-only lunch counter. Sit-ins spread to seven other Southern states within a month and succeeded in ending segregation in many public facilities.They were followed by Freedom Rides, in which white students joined blacks in breaking down segregation at bus terminals. The Meredith incident (1962), when a black student sought admission to the University of Mississippi, the Birmingham demonstrations (1963), during which Martin Luther King made his ‘I have a dream’ speech to over 200,000 people, all kept the pressure on the Kennedy and Johnson administrations† (A Dictionary of Contemporary History). According to an article, ‘We Shall Overcome. ’†Government, Politics, and Protest, â€Å" many demonstrators during the Civil Rights Movement freedom marches were killed.The Catholic churches, the Jewish synagogues, a nd President John F. Kennedy supported the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. Then during President Lyndon B. Johnson’s administration, two major pieces of legislation were signed into law. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. One year later, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 where African Americans were allowed to vote. The Civil Rights Movement became the wise old sage encouraging America to pass legislation to break the chains of segregation. The giant like Goliath named segregation was slain by the Civil Rights Movement, a wise King David. In 1951, a voice against segregation was evident in African American literature. The Civil Rights Movement dream began with the message of the Langston Hughes poem â€Å"Dream Boogie. † The underlying message from the poem â€Å"Dream Boogie† is the dream for racial equality must be heard. Comedy is incorporated in the poem â€Å"Dream Boogie†. â€Å"You think/It’s a happy beat? †(lines eight and nine) The boogie-woogie pianist is not stomping out a happy beat. The beat of the poem is an unhappy beat that wants to stomp out the fire of racial inequality fueled by segregationThe poem ends with an eternal hope for the four girls. â€Å"Four little girls/Might be awakened someday soon/By songs upon the breeze/As yet unfelt among the magnolia trees. †(lines 24-27). The four girls died for a great cause, the Civil Rights Movement. The four innocent souls will wake up in a far safer place where there is sweet music and no more violence. There is eternal hope for the innocent girls who were walking to Sunday school on that tragic day. All of the tragedies from the Civil Rights Movement do not compare with the glory of its success.According to Wil Haygood’s Art Review, there is the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. that is portrayed in some of the art work that is shown at the International Gallery in the Smithsonian’s S. Dillon Ripley Center. One piece of artwork is a collage of photographs of the civil rights leader; the collage is called â€Å"In the Spirit of Martin: The Living Legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. † A John Wilson charcoal and pastel portrait shows Dr. King’s head tilted to the left with tired eyes. The Civil Rights Movement fallen heroes are shown in a Norman Rockwell oil painting. Rockwell’s oil painting â€Å"Murder in Mississippi† shows one black civil rights activist shot dead and rests in the arms of one of the white men. The painting shows another black civil rights activist shot dead and lying on the floor in the pool of his own blood. Rockwell’s imagery reminds everyone that the Civil Rights Movement was expensive as a lot of blood was spilled in the name of racial equality. The segregationists had a more expensive price to pay. The move toward integration bound the feet that beat out the rhythm of segregation.The music during the Civil Rights Movement had both black and white influences. The music during the 1960s was music that was integrated. According to Ashley Kahn’s article â€Å"Songs of the Civil Rights Era,† the folk singer Bob Dylan wrote â€Å"A Hard Rain’s Gonna Fall† and Stephen Stills wrote â€Å"For What It’s Worth. † The song writing of Bob Dylan influenced Mavis Staples’ father. Mavis Staples was a member of the Staple Singers which became one of the first black singing groups to work with both Bob Dylan and Stephen Stills. Bob Dylan’s folk songs encouraged the Staple Singers to write freedom march songs.The freedom march song â€Å"March up Freedom’s Highway† written by the Staple Singers was sung on the Alabama march. The next song written by the Staple Singers was â€Å"Long Walk to D. C. † which was sung on the Washington march. The Staple Singers song â€Å"Why Am I Treated So Bad† was written to be sung before Dr. King’s speech. Dr. King’s favorite freedom song was â€Å"Why Am I Treated So Bad. † The Civil Rights Movement freedom songs were songs of victory and hope. The Civil Rights Movement reminds us about the brotherhood of human kind. Americans are to treat every person as an equal.There is nothing that can create a barrier between people working together. There is no law of segregation anymore to divide the cultures of America. Every culture is an equally important piece of the American apple pie. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said: I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. †¦ I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor’s lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. (An excerpt from the Address at the March on Washington, Rosa Parks teaches Americans never to give in to being tolerant of the injustice done to others. If another person sees injustice is carried out on another person, the witness needs to advocate for the victim. When personal injustice is carried out, self advocacy is very important. According to an article titled â€Å"Rosa Parks† written by Malcolm West, Rosa Parks paid the same amount of bus fare as the white passengers did. Rosa’s money was just as much legal tender as the white man’s money. The white bus driver told Rosa Parks to pick a seat in the back of the bus.Rosa Parks refused to receive any injustice that the white bus driver was dishing out. â€Å"People always say that I didn’t give up my seat because I was tired, but that wasn’t true. I was not tired physically, or no more tired than I usually was at the end of a working day. I was not old, although some people have an image of me as being old then. I was forty-two. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in,† stated Rosa Parks. The bus driver James Blake demanded that Rosa Parks stand up. Rosa Parks emphatically said, â€Å"No. † The bus driver replied, â€Å"Well I’m going to have you arrested,† Rosa Parks said, â€Å"You may do that. Rosa Parks was arrested for violating the unfair laws of segregation. There was hope for Rosa Parks as she made her bail and went back to her home. The act of defiance by Rosa Parks sparked the one-day boycott of the city bus system on December 5, 1955 in which the local Women’s Political Council lead. The self advocacy of Rosa Parks sparked the huge revolution of anti segregation called the Civil Rights Movement. It sometimes takes just one person who is defiant against social injustice to create a revolution that can change the world in many ways.Any social change begins with one person acting on behalf of the welfare of others. The dream of social justice is built on the solid foundation of hope. A dream should never be deferred because of giving into defeat. All human beings were designed to live out any dream that is integrated with victory. The key ingredients that abolished the slavery of segregation were the African American activists, the development of the Civil Rights Movement, the racial equality poetry, the freedom march songs, the freedom marches, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.The power behind the Civil Rights Movement shattered the chains of segregation. No society should enforce laws that oppress its people through segregation. Every person who is a member of society should have the same rights, live in the same neighborhoods, work in the same companies, attend the same colleges, and become successful like anyone else. The walls of color have been torn down just like the Berlin Wall that segregated East Germany from West Germany. The United States is a country united as one integrated society. America has become a â€Å"melting pot† of many cultures.Each culture has an opportunity to contribute equally to society. Our country is a mural painted with many beautiful colors that God created. God is the painter, our country is the canvas, and the people are the paints used to create a wonderful masterpiece. The Civil Rights Movement is forever allowing more color to be added to our national painting. The emancipation from segregation is the Civil Rights Movement.

Liverpool Fc free essay sample

Liverpool has  won more European titles  than any other English club, with five  European Cups (C1), three UEFA Cups (C2)  and three  UEFA Super Cups. Because of  its  remarkable  achievements, Liverpool  is known as  The Kop†. Liverpool’s Stadium is Anfield, which has a capacity of 45 522 people, located far from the city center about 4 kilometers. Liverpool  has played  at Anfield  since it was  founded up to now. They’ll expand the stadium in 2012 for more fans come to cheer home team. In the early days, Liverpool played well. Liverpool was promoted to First Division, which was renamed England Premier League from 1992, and won it in 1901 and 1906. It also won consecutive two League Championships in 1922 and 1923. After then, the club began declining. It only won the fifth First Division in 1946-1947 season and it was relegated to the Second Division in the 1953–1954 season. In December 1959, Bill Shankly was appointed to club’s manager when Liverpool was weakening with old equipment and poor trained staff. We will write a custom essay sample on Liverpool Fc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After that, he released 24 players who didn’t want to contribute to club anymore. He also created a room called â€Å"Boot Room† where the coaches could discuss the strategy. Shankly and other â€Å"Boot Room† members   Joe Fagan,  Reuben Bennett, and  Bob Paisley  began reforming the team. Since then, the history of club has gone to a next successful page. The club was promoted back into the First Division in 1962 and won it in 1964 after 17 years without titles. In 1965, the club won its first FA Cup and also won the League a year later. Liverpool won both the League and the  UEFA Cup  in the 1972–1973 season, and the FA Cup again a year later. After this success, he retired in July 1974 and was replaced by his assistant, a Boot Room member, Bob Paisley. A statue of Bill Shankly was placed outside and he also was named to the big gate in front of the stadium in order to memorize his distribution at Anfield. Bob Paisley even won more successful than Bill Shankly. In 1976-1977 season, his second season as manager, he led the club win both League and UEFA Cup. In the following season 1977-1978, the club successfully retained the League title and won the  European Cup  for the first time but lost  in the  FA  Cup final,  missed  a chance to win  a treble. Liverpool retained the European Cup in 1978 and regained the League title in 1979, only  conceded  16  goals in  42 games. In 1980-1981 season, Liverpool won a League Cup and an European Cup. During Paisleys nine seasons as manager, Liverpool won 21 trophies, including three European Cups, a UEFA Cup, six League titles and three consecutive  League Cups. The only domestic trophy he couldn’t win was the FA Cup. The most successful period in Liverpools history was the 1970s and 1980s, when  Bill Shankly  and  Bob Paisley  led the club to eleven League titles and seven European trophies. Paisley retired in 1983 and was replaced by his assistant, also a Boot Room member, Joe Fagan. Liverpool won the League, League Cup and European Cup in Fagans first season, becoming the first English club to win three trophies in a season. In 1985, Liverpool came into European Cup final against Juventus at   the  Heysel Stadium, Brussels,  Belgium. Before kick-off,  the Juventus fans were constantly throwing flares into the side of Liverpool fans made them angry. Then Liverpool fans attacked Juventus fans. As a result,  many  Juventus  fans  were  herded into  a wall  then  the wall  collapsed, killing 39 fans. The tragedy was known as the  Heysel Stadium Disaster. The match was played in spite of protests by both teams, and Liverpool lost 1–0 to Juventus. As a result of the tragedy, English clubs were banned from participating in European competition for five years. Liverpool received a ten-year ban, which was later reduced to six years. The disaster  was known as  the darkest  in the history of  football†. Fagan resigned after the disaster and  Kenny Dalglish, also a Boot Room member,  was appointed as  a manager. During his reign, the club won another three League Championships and two FA Cups and a Double (League title amp; League Cup) in the 1985–1986 season. 4 years after Heysel Disaster, another disaster related to Liverpool fans occurred. In an FA Cup semi-final against  Nottingham Forest  on 15 April 1989, hundreds of Liverpool fans were crushed against perimeter fencing. Ninety four fans died that day, the 95th victim died in hospital from his injuries four days later and the 96th died nearly four years later. After the Hillsborough disaster there was a government review of stadium safety. According to the Taylor Report, the main reason for the disaster was overcrowding therefore the police lost control. After then, a  law  has  been enacted that  stadiums in  the League Championships  must remove perimeter fencing, the stands should be covered by seats. In 1991, Dalglish suddenly resigned due to the repercussion of Hillsborough disaster. Since First Division was renamed Premier League, Liverpool hasn’t won the Premier League. It was not until Rafael Benitez came that Liverpool won 2004–2005 UEFA Champions League, despite finishing fifth in the first Benitez’s season as manager. The following season, Liverpool finished third in the Premier League and won the FA Cup. The club came into the 2007 UEFA Champions League Final against Milan, as it had in 2005, but this time Liverpool lost 2–1. In 2008–2009 season, Liverpool achieved 86 points, its highest Premier League points total, and finished as runners up to  Manchester United.